- Al-Qur’an: 2:164; 3:190; 10:6; 23:80; 30:22; 45:5.
- This Hadith is cited in al-Nawawi’s commentary of Sahih Muslim, a book on waqf. Sahih Muslim, p. 91. Authenticity of this Hadith was questioned by several scholars. Al-Khattabi, in his commentary on Sahih Muslim mentions that Jahiz and Musili had rejected this Hadith, saying that if disagreement was a blessing then agreement would be punishable. Al-Khattabi, however, explains that disagreement here particularly refers to legal matters, not to disagreement in matters of belief.
- See Schacht, An Introduction to Islamic Law, p. 55.
- Ibn Sa‘d, Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, al-qism al-mutammim, p. 440.
- Al-Khudri, Tarikh al-Tashri‘ al-Islami, pp. 191-7.
- See Masud, ‘Fatawa Alamgiri: Mughal Patronage of Islamic Law’.
- Waliullah al-Dihlawi, Al-insaf fi bayan sabab al-ikhtilaf.
- Khadduri, Al-Shafi‘i’s Risala, pp. 333-52.
- Ibn Qutayba, Ta’wil mukhtalif al-Hadith.
- See Thanawi, Kashshaf Istilahat al-funun, pp. 441-2.
- Al-Qarafi, Al-Dhakhira, p. 141.
- Qadi Khan, Fatawa Qadi Khan, p. 3.
- Al-Jassas, Al-Fusul fi’l-usul, p. 351.
- For a discussion of al-Shatibi’s views on mura’at al-khilaf, see Masud, Shatibi’s Philosophy of Islamic Law, pp. 240-6.
- Lucas, ‘Alternative Methodologies’.
- Ibn Rushd, Bidayat al-Mujtahid, pp. 8-11.
- Shafi‘i , quoted in Khadduri, Al-Shafi‘i’s Risala, p. 345- p. 346.
- Fawzi, Ahkam al-Usra fi al-jahiliyya wa’l Islam.